Teacher copy: This page may include teaching prompts or answer keys. Answer keys in this public library can be viewed by anyone. Give learners a clean prompt, use checks as formative evidence, and change a case locally when prior access matters.
Target: comprehend sovereignty in Article II while separating state authority from individual freedom. Prepare: Card C, source compass and claim ladder.
Launch · 2 min. Ask who “state” refers to in Article II: a government or each person?
Model · 4 min. Read the short Article II excerpt. Paraphrase: states keep powers unless delegated. Mark adopted 1777 and ratified by 1781.
Guided reading · 5 min. Ask “Would this phrase alone prove an enslaved person's freedom?” Answer no: institutional structure differs from lived rights.
Practice route · 7 min. Choose a Day 6 route. Build a claim/evidence/limit triple for C and compare one use with A.
Audit · 4 min. Partner asserts C is a personal bill of rights; learner names its makers and document type to correct scope.
Exit · 3 min. “What does ‘retains’ imply?” Key: the states keep named powers not expressly delegated; check full text for exceptions.